# About Solera Integrated suite for RWA and Crypto yields ### **What is Solera?** Solera is a suite of DeFi protocols, applications and infrastructure connecting yields from on chain strategies and RWAs via structured products and lending facilities. Solera labs is contributing to the flagship borrowing and lending hub of Plume network and the global frontend for real asset yields. Optimized for the intersection of crypto-native strategies and tokenized assets. Solera is built from the ground up to deliver a variety of competitive risk adjusted yields from: * Deployment and maintenance of the Solera Protocol, an overcollateralized lending market * Curation lending vaults on Morpho allocating to RWA and Crypto baked strategies * Developing omnichain structured product vaults and yield strategies * Offering distribution and leverage for issuers and institutions ### Labs, Protocol, Interface Distinctions between the different areas of "Solera." **Solera Labs**: The company developing the Solera Protocol and supporting applications. **Solera Protocol**: A set of permissioness smart contracts enable collateralized lending, borrowing and leveraged strategies on crypto and real world assets to generate yield. Solera's main lending market has been forked from Aave and isolated markets have been deployed [In collaboration with Morpho](https://x.com/MorphoLabs/status/1902408260612710703). Core concepts from Morpho apply to Solera's lending vaults. **The Solera Interface**: A typescript web interface that allows for easy interaction with the Solera protocol, currently hosted at . The interface is only one of many ways that users may interact with the Solera protocol. **Solera Governance**: While the Solera Protocol has not formally launched governance, stakeholder participation is paramount and efforts are underway to enable a gradual transition towards increasingly community-led governance. # Links Quick access to the official Solera links | Item | Official Domain | | ------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------- | | Website | [https://solera.market](https://solera.market/) | | Application | [https://app.solera.market](https://app.solera.market/) | | Morpho Frontend | | | Github | | | Solera Labs X Account | | | Solera Markets X Account | | | Discord | | | Medium | | # Getting Started # Core Concepts Core Mechanics of Solera's Lending and Borrowing Protocol 1. **Pairs and Lending Mechanics** In each isolated market, users can borrow one type of token (Asset Token) by depositing another (Collateral Token). Depositing Asset Tokens in a pair gives lenders a Receipt Token claim that is redeemable for an increasing quantity of Asset Tokens as interest accrues. Borrowers deposit Collateral Tokens to gain the right to borrow Asset Tokens. *** 2. **Interest Rate Mechanics** Interest is accrued continuously according to the formula: Pe^rt-e. Interest rates are determined by a specific Rate Calculator contract for each pair. The Time-Weighted Variable Rate adjusts based on asset utilization—rates decrease if utilization is low and increase if high. *** 3. **Loan-To-Value (LTV)** LTV represents the ratio of borrowed assets to deposited collateral. It changes with market rates and interest accrual. Borrowers must maintain their LTV below a pre-set Maximum LTV to avoid their position being elligibile for liquidation. To correct an unhealthy LTV, borrowers can add collateral or repay part of the loan. The Maximum LTV is set for each individual asset pair. *** 4. **Vault Account Mechanics** The Vault Account is a key element in the pair's accounting system, comprising two main components: the Account Value (total tokens within the vault) and a unique representation of ownership for each lender. * Account Value: Reflects the total holdings in the vault, including both the initial deposits and any accrued interest. * Lenders: Receive an increased value, symbolizing their contribution to the Vault Account, which can be redeemed later in proportion to their share of the total Account Value. As interest accrues within the pair, the Account Value increases, enhancing the redeemable value of each lender's token.
# Market Types Overview of Solera's market types Solera supports two different kinds of lending markets: * **Main Collateral Market**: Central pool for multi-asset lending/borrowing with highly liquid assets (e.g., Stables, Liquid RWAs, ETH). Each asset can be used as collateral until its Max LTV to borrow any other asset available in the pool. Supports higher LTV ratios for correlated assets in eMode. Learn more in [Lending & Borrowing](/overview/editor)
* **Isolated Collateral Markets**: 1:1 asset pools where specified collateral can be used to borrow a pair asset. Multiple isolated markets can be combined into a lending vault. Learn more in [Morpho Markets](/overview/morpho-markets) # Lending & Borrowing Solera's core lending market is built on top of Aave V3 ([docs.aave.com](https://docs.aave.com)) Solera's Isolated lending markets are deployed using the Morpho Stack ([docs.morpho.org](https://docs.morpho.org)), {% content-ref url="/spaces/xnKyOKJHYcrZeGHpRuHg/pages/XuyvqKmTgnkrFwnXPJsk" %} [Core Concepts](/overview/getting-started/core-concepts) {% endcontent-ref %} {% content-ref url="/spaces/xnKyOKJHYcrZeGHpRuHg/pages/AmJ0Wxr46sDPlA5klew3" %} [Earning](/overview/morpho-markets/earning) {% endcontent-ref %} {% content-ref url="/spaces/xnKyOKJHYcrZeGHpRuHg/pages/tQGoVWTRa5iWZW0KZKOU" %} [Borrowing](/overview/morpho-markets/borrowing) {% endcontent-ref %} {% content-ref url="/spaces/xnKyOKJHYcrZeGHpRuHg/pages/MIIw4tSsQjxhxVlMmXo2" %} [Interest Rates](/overview/editor/interest-rates) {% endcontent-ref %} {% content-ref url="/spaces/xnKyOKJHYcrZeGHpRuHg/pages/e9ZWX0DNQ22wJTCZjyW7" %} [Collateral & Liquidations](/overview/editor/openapi) {% endcontent-ref %} {% content-ref url="/spaces/xnKyOKJHYcrZeGHpRuHg/pages/neupbWSe7VIJ7PoQrQxT" %} [Oracles](/overview/editor/oracles) {% endcontent-ref %} # Interest Rates How interest rates are programatically determined in Solera's lending markets ### Interest Rate Models #### **Main Market: Linear Interest Rate Curve with Kink Beyond Optimal Utilization** The interest rate model operates in two phases on a linear curve determined by the **utilization rate (U ) and Optimal Utilization Point (U\_Optimal)**: 1. **Below U\_Optimal** – Borrow rates rise moderately as utilization increases, promoting lending while maintaining affordable borrowing costs. 2. **Above U\_Optimal** – Borrow rates climb steeply to prevent liquidity crises and discourage excessive borrowing. This design maintains sufficient liquidity for withdrawals while optimizing capital efficiency. The variable model increases an asset's interest rate dramatically near full utilization to encourage new deposits and/or discourage additional borrowing to preserve liquidity reserves. The system relies on several core parameters: * **Optimal Utilization Rate (U\_optimal)** – Target utilization before steep rate increases begin * **Base Variable Borrow Rate** – Minimum borrowing cost at near-zero utilization * **Variable Rate Slope 1** – Linear increase rate before U\_optimal * **Variable Rate Slope 2** – Linear increase rate after U\_optimal

Linear Interest Rate Display in the Solera Interface

#### **Isolated Markets: Adaptive Interest Rate Curve Developed by Morpho** Solera's Morpho Vaults and Markets utilize the adaptive Interest rate curve developed by Morpho Labs. For detailed information including calculations see ### Borrow and Supply APY The **Annualized Percentage Yield (APY)** standardizes interest rates over a one-year period by accounting for compounding. In the context of lending protocols, two key APYs are: * **Borrow APY:** This reflects the effective annual interest cost that borrowers incur. It is derived from the instantaneous interest rate provided by the chosen Interest Rate Model (IRM). The Borrow APY tells borrowers how much they will pay on an annual basis for borrowing funds. * **Supply APY:** This indicates the effective annual yield that lenders receive on their supplied assets. It is derived from the variable Borrow APY, the market's utilization rate and any applicable fees. Additional liquidity incentives and rewards applied to specific markets and assets can further increase supply rates or decrease borrow rates beyond the base APY. # Collateral & Liquidations **Liquidations** A critical process triggered when a borrower's health factor falls below 100%. This may happen when the collateral value decreases, or the borrowed debt increases relative to each other. Simple terms ``` Health Factor = Sum(Debt AssetQty * Price)/ Sum (Collateral Asset Qty * Price * Liquidation Loan to Value)) ``` In the main market, this requires a sumproduct operation across the range of all oustandging borrowed assets In isolated markets the range is less Liquidations are triggered by Oracle price feeds and managed by liquidator bots (both internal and third-party). A liquidation penalty is applied to the value of the collateral during liquidation, incentivizing liquidators. *** #### Collateral Types and Selection Solera supports three types of collateral, each with different protocol capabilities. Each asset is classified according to the asset risk assessment framework. 1. Main Market Collateral: ERC-20 and OFT tokens with high liquidity. 2. Isolated Market Collateral: Assets that may not meet the criteria for the main market but are supported via isolated markets with stricter borrowing limits. 3. RWA Collateral: Real-world assets (e.g., US Treasuries) that require special considerations due to liquidity constraints and non-immediate redemption. Each new token introduced as collateral increases protocol complexity and solvency risk. Only assets with strong risk profiles should be supported as collateral. #### Main Market Liquidations Solera's main lending market is designed after Aave, where a users **health factor** indicates when a position is eligible to be closed, **close factor** indicates how much collateral can be seized by liquidators to earn the **liquidation incentive**. For more information on liquidation logic and tips on managing your health factor, refer to . #### Isolated Market Liquidations Solera's Isolated markets run on the Morpho stack. As such, all liquidation concepts from Morpho apply. Read for more information on liquidation mechanisms. #### RWA Liquidation Flow For select assets liquidation and redemption agents perform liquidations and redeem the underlying collateral at a future depending on the specific asset's liquidity profile. Liquidators receive a liquidation bonus for assuming the credit risk incurred between collateral seizure and off chain redemption. # Oracles How different price feeds are provided for use within Solera Liquidations rely on price feed information provided by Oracles. To ensure proper liquidations and avoid any bad debt, Solera relies on three major oracle sources: Currently the following oracles are being used: 1. [Stork](https://www.stork.network/) 2. [eOracle](https://eo.app/) 3. [Chronicle](https://chroniclelabs.org/) Oracle providers for each asset and vault are listed within the application. Solera plans to onboard more providers and custom feeds as needed. Certain markets are configured with **custom oracles feeds** depending on the underlying asset and anticipated leverage in borrowing strategies. Oracle configuration is determined by the market/vault curator. A few common oracle configurations are listed below:
Feed TypeDescription
HardcodedValue of collateral asset is set to a fixed price
Market PriceValue of collateral asset is calculated using an average of available trading venues on DEX and CEXs,
Redemption Rate / NAVValue of collateral asset is determined by the underling Net Asset Value (NAV) of it's redeemable value, not market price
Time Weighted Average Price (TWAP)Value of collateral asset is calculated using its average value over a specific period (eg. trailing 7-day average)
# Morpho Markets Isolated lending infrastructure Solera curates and co curates vaults and markets on the Morpho Stack. Borrowers provide collateral and borrow from lenders in isolated asset pairs, reducing contagion risk. Users **Morpho Markets**: are immutable 1:1 where borrowers pay interest to borrow against collateral assets. **Morpho Vaults**: are permissionless vaults allocating to individual markets allowing for additional layers of logic and risk management. Solera works with industry leading risk managers and liquid funds such as [Gauntlet](https://www.gauntlet.xyz/), [Re7](https://www.re7labs.xyz/), [Edge Capital](https://edgecapital.xyz/), and more to curate, manage, and allocate assets in these lending markets. Solera's Markets and Vaults can be found at [morpho.solera.market](https://morpho.solera.market) and on the official Morpho frontend on supported networks. # Earning How to Deposit Assets and Earn Interest on Solera ### 01 - Deposit in a Solera Vault Earn yield by depositing an asset into a vault curated by third-party risk curators. Each vault has a unique risk profile and strategy determined by the curator. Creating a vault is permissionless, so users should assess a vault’s curator and risk exposure before depositing. ### 02 - Assets are supplied to Solera Markets A Solera Vault can only allocate deposits to Markets whitelisted by the curator. Depositors in the vault are exposed to risks related to each market, including the collateral asset, liquidation LTV, and configured oracles. ### 03 - Earn yield from borrowers Vaults generate a yield from over-collateralized lending. Borrowers deposit collateral and borrow assets supplied to Solera Markets, paying interest to the vault. # Borrowing How to Borrow Assets on Solera ### 01 - Provide Collateral Deposit the asset you want to borrow against. Keep in mind that you can only borrow from the market where you've supplied collateral. If you intend to borrow from multiple markets, you'll need to supply collateral to each market. ### 02 - Borrow Liquidity Borrow liquidity up to an amount based on the value of provided collateral and available liquidity. Borrowers are charged a variable interest rate on the borrowed amount, determined by the market's interest rate model. ## 03 - Monitor Position Monitor the LTV of your positions to avoid being eligible for liquidation. If the loan-to-value-ratio of a position exceeds the liquidation loan-to-value-ratio of a given market, external liquidators can seize your collateral to repay your outstanding debt. ### 04 - Repay Debt Repay your outstanding loans by returning the initial borrowed amount plus the accrued interest. # Strategies One click. Many actions. Coming soon # Vaults ### Overview Vaults enable users to deposit into **custom yield-bearing strategies**. The underlying smart contracts abstract away complex multi-chain operations related to swapping, minting, redeeming, transferring, and collateralizing different assets, facilitating seamless access to advanced strategies. Vaults can be configured to support a in a variety of different strategies, including but not limited to: 1. Leveraged Lending of Crypto + RWAs 2. Collateralized Debt Products 3. Longer Duration Savings Strategies 4. Auto-Compounding or Yield Optimizing Vaults Solera Vaults power a variety of different strategies through the protocol's lending markets and integrated protocol and asset partners. Additional strategies will be developed and onboarded over time. Vaults and asset information will be available on the 'Strategies' page of the Solera Interface. ### Example Vault Flow Imagine a vault that allows a user to get exposure to five yield bearing assets on Ethereum and Plume in a single deposit. Each asset has a different issuer and equal weight of 20%. Users supply assets to a deposit contract and receive a yield bearing receipt token ([sTokens](/developers/stokens)) redeemable for their share of the underlying assets and interest generated by the strategy. All bridging, minting, cross chain transfer, deposit, and redemption logic is handled by the vault and manager contracts, simplifying the user experience.

Vault Strategy Logic Example

### Vault Standard Solera's vaults are built using the BoringVault standard inspired from [Veda](https://veda.tech/)'s open source [BoringVault repo](https://github.com/Se7en-Seas/boring-vault). This standard was initially creaded by [Se7enSeas](https://github.com/Se7en-Seas) and has been adapted for Plume in partnership with [Nucleus](https://docs.nucleusearn.io/nucleus-architecture/vault-framework) to deliver custom yield bearing strategies. # Swap Solera integrates with [**Rooster Protocol**](https://rooster-protocol.gitbook.io/docs), a specialized Concentrated Liquidity AMM designed to optimize trading liquidity for correlated market pairs such as RWAs and Stablecoins for swaps on Plume network.

# Liquid Staking Stake directly with validators and earn APR #### What is Liquid Staking? Through Solera's liquid staking integration, users receive tokenized representations of their staked assets, allowing them to simultaneously earn staking rewards while using these tokens in DeFi strategies. #### Key Benefits * Continuous Yield Generation: Earn network staking rewards without locking up your capital * Maintained Liquidity: Use your staked assets as collateral in Solera's isolated markets * Simplified Staking Process: No technical requirements or minimum deposit limitations * Capital Efficiency: Deploy your assets across multiple yield-generating strategies simultaneously #### Supported Tokens Solera supports liquid staking for multiple networks through partnerships with leading providers: * pETH: Liquid staked Ethereum through Dinero * sPLUME: Native liquid staking token for Plume Network

# Savings Accounts Coming soon
# Parameters Solera Markets risk paramaters *Note: an up to date list of assets and parameters can be found on the Market page of the Solera App* ### Main Market
AssetMax LTVLiquidation ThresholdeMode LTVeMode Liquidation ThresholdSupply CapBorrow Cap
PLUME70.00%73.00%86.00%89.00%125,000,000100,000,000
sPLUME70.00%73.00%86.00%89.00%125,000,000100,000,000
nALPHA75.00%80.00%90.00%93.00%5,000,00020,000,000
nINSTO75.00%80.00%90.00%93.00%25,000,00020,000,000
nETF75.00%80.00%90.00%93.00%25,000,00020,000,000
nBASIS75.00%80.00%90.00%93.00%25,000,00020,000,000
pUSD80.00%85.00%90.00%93.00%50,000,00047,500,000
pETH70.00%72.50%86.00%90.00%5,0005,000
wETH70.00%72.50%86.00%90.00%5,0005,000
# Audits All publicly available audit reports on the Solera Protocol *While audit reports are essential to the security of any DeFi application, internal and external assessments do not provide any warranties; evaluation results from past and future audit reports do not guarantee the absence of any subsequent issues with the smart contracts and platforms they are deployed onto.* ### **December 18th 2024: Lending Core Audit** By Zenith / Code4rena {% file src="/files/QaZnwj5hGFns1CdShAJl" %} ### **February 4th 2025: Liquid Staking Core Audit** By Zellic {% file src="/files/7C3rVcPXTdKffsuwjAXf" %} ### **March 19th 2025: Leveraged Strategy Modules Audit** By Zellic {% file src="/files/sszGccPbREZxxPCCszx2" %} ### **May 27th 2025: Comprehensive review** By Octane Security # Risks When interacting with the Soelra Protocol, users may be exposed to certain risks outlined in this section. {% content-ref url="/spaces/xnKyOKJHYcrZeGHpRuHg/pages/NemRdoZbd47jxCZXLhy2" %} [Smart Contract Risk](/protocol/integrations/smart-contract-risk) {% endcontent-ref %} {% content-ref url="/spaces/xnKyOKJHYcrZeGHpRuHg/pages/F5gg23WcNf4vzzlInfJR" %} [Bad Debt Risk](/protocol/integrations/bad-debt-risk) {% endcontent-ref %} {% content-ref url="/spaces/xnKyOKJHYcrZeGHpRuHg/pages/4XZANZ7iqcQD1yLX5raz" %} [Oracle Risk](/protocol/integrations/oracle-risk) {% endcontent-ref %} {% content-ref url="/pages/cwH094zAZiaXZzm30QlC" %} [Terms of Service](/operations/terms-of-service) {% endcontent-ref %} # Smart Contract Risk While the Solera Protocol has been audited, vulnerabilities may be missed by its developers, auditors, and core contributors in its smart contracts that facilitate user to platform interaction. PL's smart contracts are undergoing an audit with Trail of Bits. Please note, there is a possibility of a missed attack vector or bug which may be critical to the health of the protocol. In realizing this, bug bounties are available to the community, however it is possible that such risks exist in the protocol arising from smart contract errors such as: * Theft of protocol funds * Theft of user funds * Theft of unrealized yield * Attacks on protocol parameters through governance Bounties will be determined by the degree of the reported vulnerability with reported critical vulnerabilities being rewarded with the highest bounties. # Bad Debt Risk The primary risk for both the protocol and lenders is that the value of the borrowers’ collateral decreases to below the debt value or the debt increases too rapidly. In either scenario, the borrower lacks a financial incentive to repay their loan, as it would result in a loss, leading to bad debt. While Solera's liquidation framework aims to effectively repay vault loans in an effective manner, issues may arise during the liquidation process (high market volatility, slippage, gas costs, illiquidity, etc.) which may prevent the deposited collateral from being sold in a timely manner to make up for the borrowed amount, resulting in the protocol accruing bad debt. Bad debt may be realized in "black swan" events. And possibly, an inability to repay user loans may arise due to insufficient liquidity in adverse market conditions. If bad debt is accrued in Solera markets, it will be socialized amongst pool lenders unless alternate remediations are determined by the risk and governance committee, external parties, or insurers. # Oracle Risk Solera's products rely heavily on price feeds from partnered [Oracles](/overview/editor/oracles), inaccuracies in price feeds may result in unexpected liquidations for borrowers or losses for lenders. In the event of an oracle failure or exploit determined by pre-established conditions, Solera will switch to a backup oracle system or an off chain price. Note that given the variety of oracles used and assets listed, it's up to users depositing in each market to note which oracle is being used and properly assess their own risk tolerance. For example, some oracles depend on pool prices which are subject to quick change in volatile market conditions, while others are custom based on asset exchange rates, and others rely on third parties like Pyth and Chainlink. # Risk Management Solera is built with a strong commitment to **protocol stability** and leverages industry-leading practices to mitigate risks associated with lending and borrowing. This section outlines key risk management features integrated into the protocol. **Risk Parameters** Each asset in the Solera platform is assigned specific **risk parameters** that influence its use in lending and borrowing. These parameters are designed to address security, market volatility, and governance risks. **V1** introduces advanced risk controls to facilitate the inclusion of higher-risk assets with clear limits. Solera uses **over-collateralization** to safeguard the protocol against market volatility. If the collateral value of a loan drops below the set **liquidation threshold**, a portion of the collateral is liquidated to maintain solvency. Each asset in Solera’s markets is added through **governance proposals** or by admins appointed by governance, ensuring thorough vetting. **Key Risk Parameters:** * **Supply Caps**: Set a limit on the total supply of an asset, balancing liquidity with protocol risk. * **Borrow Caps**: Prevent excessive borrowing of an asset, minimizing insolvency risks. **Liquidation Parameters:** * **Liquidation Threshold**: Defines as the maximum loan-to-value (LTV) a loan becomes at risk of liquidation based on the collateral ratio. When the loan's value exceeds this threshold, a portion of the collateral is sold to maintain balance. * **Liquidation Penalty**: A fee applied during liquidation awarded to the liquidator. **Health Factor** The **Health Factor** measures the risk level of an account by comparing its collateral value to the borrowed amount. A **Health Factor** below 1 signals that an account is under-collateralized, triggering potential liquidation to safeguard the protocol. **Reserve Factor** A portion of the interest earned by the protocol is allocated to its **ecosystem treasury** through the **Reserve Factor**, which varies based on asset risk. This reserve supports protocol sustainability and future development. **Collateral Usage** Some assets, due to risks like centralization or low liquidity, are restricted to specific markets or have lower LTV limits. For example, highly centralized assets are limited to **Isolation Mode**, while stable assets like USDC or ETH enjoy higher LTV ratios. The allowed criteria for each pool can be viewed in the Solera app. Solera’s risk parameters are dynamic, adjusting to real-time market conditions to maintain a secure and capital-efficient lending environment. # Risk Parameters # Asset-level Each asset on Solera is assigned specific risk parameters that govern its use for lending and borrowing. These parameters are designed to address security, governance, and market dynamics, ensuring that risks are managed at an individual asset level. **V1** introduces advanced risk measures to onboard a broader range of assets, including those with higher risk profiles. Understanding the inherent risks of each asset, including **smart contract security**, **centralization risks**, and **market volatility**, is crucial to maintaining a stable protocol. Each asset in Solera is onboarded through **governance proposals** or by admins appointed by governance, ensuring a thorough risk assessment. **Key Risk Parameters:** * **Supply Caps**: Limit the total supply of an asset within the protocol, based on its on-chain liquidity and collateral volume. * **Borrow Caps**: Set a maximum borrowing limit for each asset, reducing the risk of price manipulation and insolvency. * **Efficiency Mode (eMode)**: Provides higher **Loan-to-Value (LTV)** ratios for correlated assets like stablecoins and **Liquid Staking Derivatives (LSDs)**, optimizing capital efficiency while managing risk. To further mitigate market risks, loans on Solera require **over-collateralization**, and assets are subject to specific **collateralization and liquidation rules**. If the value of collateral falls below a defined **liquidation threshold**, a portion is liquidated to repay debt and maintain solvency. Solera’s risk management framework ensures that each asset is appropriately managed, balancing capital efficiency with the security of the protocol. # Account-level Solera’s risk management system ensures account-level safety by establishing key parameters to monitor and control the risk of individual loans and collateral positions. 1. **Liquidation Threshold**\ Solera assesses the risk of each loan using the **Liquidation Threshold**, calculated as the weighted average of all collateral types in an account. If the loan’s value exceeds this threshold relative to the collateral, the position is flagged for liquidation to safeguard the protocol’s solvency. 2. **Liquidation Penalty and Factor**\ During liquidation, a **Liquidation Penalty** is applied to the collateral’s value as a fee for the process. The **Liquidation Factor** determines what portion of this fee is directed to the protocol’s treasury, striking a balance between user protection and protocol sustainability. 3. **Health Factor**\ The **Health Factor** represents the overall risk level of an account, determined by the ratio of collateral to borrowed assets. It dynamically adjusts for market conditions and collateral performance. If the Health Factor drops below 1, the account is under-collateralized and may face liquidation to maintain the protocol’s stability. 4. **Reserve Factor**\ The **Reserve Factor** allocates a portion of interest generated from lending to Solera’s ecosystem treasury. This factor is calibrated based on the risk associated with each asset, providing a buffer to support protocol longevity. 5. **Collateral Usage**\ Certain assets, such as **USDT** and **sUSD**, are confined to **Isolation Mode** due to heightened centralization risks. Others, despite being decentralized, may not be accepted as collateral if they have limited liquidity or are still in testing phases. Solera provides up-to-date collateral criteria within its platform for users. *** **Market risks** directly influence these parameters, with **liquidity** and **volatility** playing critical roles in determining thresholds. More volatile assets are subject to stricter limits with lower **LTVs** and higher **liquidation thresholds**, while stable assets like **USDC** and **Liquid Staked PLUME** are given more flexible terms. These parameters are constantly adjusted based on real-time market data, ensuring that Solera remains secure and responsive to changing market dynamics. # Liquidations For a detailed breakdown of liquidation concepts and formulae see the [Morpho Docs]() Liquidations in **Solera** occur when a borrower’s **Position Value** drops to a level which their collateral no longer sufficiently covers their outstanding loan. This can happen if the value of the collateral decreases or if the value of the borrowed debt rises relative to the collateral. The **Health Factor** reflects this relationship by comparing the collateral’s **Max LTV** (Loan-to-Value ratio) to the loan, determining whether the borrower’s collateral remains adequate to cover their debt, or if the value has crossed the asset's **Liquidation LTV Threshold** . Liquidations are triggered by real-time price data provided by **Oracle price feeds**. Once a liquidation is necessary, it is executed by **liquidator bots**, which can be run by anyone. A **Liquidation Penalty** is applied to the collateral during this process, incentivizing liquidators to act swiftly and helping maintain the protocol’s financial stability. All liquidations on **Solera** are **open source** and **permissionless**, allowing anyone to participate as a liquidator. To learn more about running a liquidation bot, visit [Operating a Liquidator Bot](/developers/operating-a-liquidator-bot) # Operational Security How Solera protocol contributors work to reduce operational risks **Multi-Party control** Every code upgrade and treasury transaction must be approved by a 3/3 multisig. This is enforced through a multisignature contract which only allows code upgrades when all signers have signed the upgrade with a cold storage wallet. **2FA** All accounts of the protocol, administrators, and moderators are secured by two factor authentication using an authenticator app, reducing the likelihood of access being granted to a malicious actor via methods such as sim-swapping. **Audits** Our auditors have checked for centralization risks when auditing . This means that potential backdoors, deliberate exploit opportunities and other risks are reported by the auditor with or without the contributor's approval. Visit [Audits](/protocol/audits) to learn more # sTokens Solera's lending market and vaults give yield-accuring sTokens as deposit receipts. The balance of sTokens increases based on the assets base APY Users can redeem sTokens for a share of the underling collateral asset at a future date # Solera SDK A link to the Solera SDK will be made available on this page shortly after mainnet launch ``` _____/\\\\\\\\\\\_________/\\\\\_______/\\\______________/\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\____/\\\\\\\\\_________/\\\\\\\\\____ ___/\\\/////////\\\_____/\\\///\\\____\/\\\_____________\/\\\///////////___/\\\///////\\\_____/\\\\\\\\\\\\\__ __\//\\\______\///____/\\\/__\///\\\__\/\\\_____________\/\\\_____________\/\\\_____\/\\\____/\\\/////////\\\_ ___\////\\\__________/\\\______\//\\\_\/\\\_____________\/\\\\\\\\\\\_____\/\\\\\\\\\\\/____\/\\\_______\/\\\_ ______\////\\\______\/\\\_______\/\\\_\/\\\_____________\/\\\///////______\/\\\//////\\\____\/\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\_ _________\////\\\___\//\\\______/\\\__\/\\\_____________\/\\\_____________\/\\\____\//\\\___\/\\\/////////\\\_ __/\\\______\//\\\___\///\\\__/\\\____\/\\\_____________\/\\\_____________\/\\\_____\//\\\__\/\\\_______\/\\\_ _\///\\\\\\\\\\\/______\///\\\\\/_____\/\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\_\/\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\_\/\\\______\//\\\_\/\\\_______\/\\\_ ___\///////////__________\/////_______\///////////////__\///////////////__\///________\///__\///________\///__ ``` # Contract Addresses List of Deployed Contract Addresses ### Plume Mainnet Contract Addresses
ContractAddress
sToken0x391226273fC6d9379540dCc0cdb01953b0dc0708
aave-v3-factory-branchmaster
aave-v3-factory-commite9a41ead88f34b393937c5dd78e87c28c6f66045
aaveOracle0x4E269bba050A1a4Ea0A0008858513faf6b0F6375
aaveParaSwapFeeClaimer0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
aclManager0x267781db3b81947216F74d3ee4CefF0D7156Dcfa
configEngine0x3a0a6fEd39cC7c886d04644b8A3f91cfB3b98e41
defaultInterestRateStrategy0x631094888A2D0600b2C8556854F60Ec634FBca45
emissionManager0x9bd5ac51FcffF3aeFAD5c349A25b8CDE1576307E
l2Encoder0x890c4A2246a255692Ac7C174110B48109715b6f5
paraSwapLiquiditySwapAdapter0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
paraSwapRepayAdapter0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
paraSwapWithdrawSwapAdapter0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
poolAddressesProvider0x6C0133c25BAeF3D4188C26BbA3f0aC5e85FFa815
poolAddressesProviderRegistry0x76DFd10EDF39eD4876eFB11668ED0fb5eacba07A
poolConfiguratorImplementation0x6983a361B8F12934623Cb5e6d032Cecda7D64dE5
poolConfiguratorProxy0xbAA677f70516432C0301039975E46a6B904d1977
poolImplementation0xA22098Bdb80806Dd24C58067Be38199bF7c6DbFa
poolProxy0x2a8D6a5faB9190580006187b6693f4F69Ee2b07d
priceOracleSentinel0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
protocolDataProvider0xEE343bd811500ca27995Bc83D7ec2bacb63680d0
proxyAdmin0xA31165684aFA01bBA6D3270c1d182919ACf539f2
rewardsControllerImplementation0x2D2fe2D75a49Cb027cf933734134Ce4bbBD9b99c
rewardsControllerProxy0xf76F8fE7e3539228fE298549C5C4D959094585E1
staticATokenFactoryImplementation0x7F674de51b6227c5672684a8e806eFCb6775295A
staticATokenFactoryProxy0xE40A09EB871d45A0eC962bB0d36501C25adBe281
staticATokenImplementation0x717c892A1f89984E21AE8c29158431796608bbd6
transparentProxyFactory0xC3C2DB029bC4a575f65b1d7a75c7c164b2e39119
treasury0x7dbD4D91efc83Ed1BF5549c1114Decb5Dd010907
treasuryImplementation0x64C2f8071830CB0d0C09d20Ca9Dab4178795b0f3
uiIncentiveDataProvider0xaa9058015C5307A8d2D0cC69DBDb6bf90A073D09
uiPoolDataProvider0xcB7800c07A6Be9CbF26a402da061C07c535FcE10
variableDebtToken0x940ce0489Dea5581C0DEB995064B46A9Dee25017
walletBalanceProvider0xEC74AEa91072EFf3491372dBdE27fac32150a8c1
wrappedTokenGateway0xECFD185BD8C973398951f90b60eE9C1f3B5Af4F8
### Plume Mainnet Token Contract Addresses | Asset Symbol | Token address | sToken address | vToken address | | ------------ | --------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------- | | pUSD |

0xdddD73F5Df1F0D
C31373357beAC775
45dC5A6f3F

|

0xF4236b81478fad
7DE5Fea9b278ceC7
2945EBE1a0

|

0x4ed6535f30f973
0BEeE8a3a296DB38
2aEF9Ef19f

| | nALPHA |

0x593cCcA4c4bf58
b7526a4C164cEEf4
003C6388db

|

0x5d0EC9B10e6759
719CeFE14b8c8816
34678b32f2

|

0x9720f923795f16
171865947217fbdD
A618764992

| | nETF | 0xdea736937d464d288ec80138bcd1a2e109a200e3 | 0xDB8fC33AA6Dfe6B5ed293c5B2edcD4C8Ba7E564D | 0x01D0dE46006ec2a981011fF3d33cd4dd829F345C | | nINSTO | 0xbfC5770631641719cd1Cf809D8325B146aED19De | 0x71516ee4eD24fa72a2B2BA1185f0a97787F9604c | 0x6016ba0484ea0d7B3BF43E82BD5c4bcCf28DfBAE | | nBASIS | 0x11113Ff3a60C2450F4b22515cB760417259eE94B | 0x3d3Eb500CF9C7164e4956e77b1b6567430D20f26 | 0xe9eD66246C1a16Cd494c7be435bcB89517E1427f | | pETH |

0x39d1F90eF89C52
dDA276194E9a832b
484ee45574

|

0x30Bb4B93925A6B
714f8d0232C69c30
2541681f35

|

0x4fC4dE25377b67
1fA38D855b4cEF72
Ae7f74F43a

| | WETH |

0xca59cA09E5602f
Ae8B629DeE83FfA8
19741f14be

|

0x3a616E5e559593
d26adfB7F520b2bb
3fB512f90D

|

0x442E289205e925
dA232f91ed447427
Ed1c71a743

| | WPLUME |

0xEa237441c92CAe
6FC17Caaf9a7acB3
f953be4bd1

|

0x1F6028cD7A5f93
EaF6542B0E86af70
FD374a100e

|

0x8c43891C7eD9fE
4B7628c7169F89ec
0bE5ECb0B5

| | sPLUME |

0xb8FEa9f36061AA
CDC40186Ed8B2b94
0e9D5ef8AA

|

0xAE571Fb85ff3a7
a6206b05b6E112f5
a9362edf7a

|

0x578e8f8fdC414f
300B906D27DB2D2dBAbA5Aa188

| # Operating a Liquidator Bot Details for participating in Solera's open source liquidation process Market addressess and information about running liquidation bots will be posted on this page around mainnet launch. # Disclaimer *This documentation by Solera Labs and/or its affiliates (“we”, “us” and “our”) is for information purposes only. We do not provide tax, legal, insurance or investment advice, and nothing in this article should be construed as an offer to sell, a solicitation of an offer to buy, sell or issue or subscribe for, or a recommendation for any security, investment, cryptocurrency, token or other services, product or commodity by us or any third party. You alone are solely responsible for determining whether any purchase, sale, investment, security or strategy, or any other product or service, is appropriate or suitable for you based on your personal objectives and personal and financial situation and for evaluating the merits and risks associated with the use of the information in this article before making any decisions based on such information or other content. You should consult a lawyer and/or tax professional regarding your specific legal and/or tax situation. Past performance is no guarantee of future results. Therefore, you should not assume that the future performance of any specific investment, cryptocurrency, token, commodity or strategy will be profitable or equal to corresponding past performance levels. Inherent in any such transaction is the potential for loss. No recommendation or advice is being given as to whether any transaction is suitable for a particular person. By accessing this article, you acknowledge and agree to all of the foregoing and that you bear responsibility for your own research, due diligence and transaction decisions. You also agree that we, our affiliates and our respective directors, officers, employees, consultants, shareholders, members, representatives, advisors and agents will not be liable for any decision made or action taken by you and others based on this article, news, information, opinion, or any other material published, discussed or disseminated by us.* *This article contains forward-looking statements or forward-looking information (referred to collectively as “forward-looking statements”). Forward-looking statements can be identified by words such as: “anticipate”, “intend”, “plan”, “goal”, “seek”, “believe”, “predict”, “project”, “estimate”, “expect”, “strategy”, “future”, “likely”, “may”, “should”, ”would”, “will”, and similar terms and phrases and the negatives of such expressions, including references to assumptions. Examples of forward-looking statements in this article include, among others, statements we make regarding our future plans, expectations and objectives.* *Forward-looking statements are neither historical facts nor assurances of future performance. Instead, they are based only on our current beliefs, expectations and assumptions regarding the future of our business, future plans and strategies, projections, anticipated events and trends, the economy and other future conditions. Because forward-looking statements relate to the future, they are subject to inherent uncertainties, risks and changes in circumstances that are difficult to predict and many of which are outside of our control. Our actual results and financial condition may differ materially from those indicated in the forward-looking statements. Therefore, you should not rely on any of these forward-looking statements. Important factors that could cause our actual results and financial condition to differ materially from those indicated in the forward-looking statements include, among others, the following: reliance on blockchain technology and blockchain technology service providers; digital asset transactions being irrevocable and losses occurring from such transactions; our use and reliance on proprietary data and intellectual property in its business; potential misuses of digital assets and malicious actors in the digital asset industry; digital assets potentially being subject to hold periods; developments and changes in laws and regulations; and disruptions to our technology network including computer systems, software and cloud data, or other disruptions of our operating systems, structures or equipment. Readers are cautioned that the foregoing list is not exhaustive.* *Any forward-looking statement made by us in this article is based only on information currently available to us and speaks only as of the date on which it is made. Except as required by applicable securities laws, we undertake no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statement, whether written or oral, that may be made from time to time, whether as a result of new information, future developments or otherwise.* # Terms of Service This page explains the terms by which you may use the websites, including without limitation [www.solera.market](http://www.solera.market), docs.solera.market, app.solera.market and any other sites associated with the solera.market domain (collectively, the “Site”), Company Content (as defined below) and the Services (as defined below) of Solera Labs (“we”, “our” and “us”). By accessing or using the Site or the Services, you signify on your behalf and any person or entity that you represent that you have read, understood, and agree to be bound by these Terms of Service (the “Agreement”), whether or not you are a registered user of our Site or the Services. We reserve the right to make unilateral modifications to these terms and will provide notice of these changes as described below. This Agreement applies to all visitors, users, and others who access the Site or the Services (“you” and “your”). Please read this Agreement carefully to ensure that you understand each provision. Note that by agreeing to these Terms of Service, you confirm that you are not a United States user, a user from any other restricted country listed herein, or attempting to access the site through a VPN. **NONE OF THE SITE OR THE SERVICES ARE OFFERED TO PERSONS OR ENTITIES WHO ARE RESTRICTED PERSONS (AS DEFINED BELOW).** **1. Our Site and Services.** (a) As part of the Site, we provide a user interface (the “Platform”) to access the smart contracts, decentralized applications, APIs and all other software that we have developed for transaction with cryptocurrencies, digital tokens or coins and other blockchain-based assets (collectively, “Digital Assets”) in a decentralized, peer-to-peer manner (the “Protocol”). This Agreement governs your use of our Site, the Platform, the Protocol, and all related tools, applications, data, software and other services provided by us (collectively, the “Services”). (b) By accessing or using the Site or the Services, you agree that we do not provide execution, settlement, or clearing services of any kind and are not responsible for the execution, settlement, or clearing of transactions automated through the Services. **2. Use of Our Site and Services.** (a) Eligibility (i) This is a contract between you and us. You must read and agree to the terms of this Agreement before using the Site and the Services. If you do not agree, you may not use the Site and the Services. You may use the Site and the Services only if you can form a binding contract with us, and only in compliance with this Agreement and all applicable: (A) laws, constitutions, treaties, statutes, codes, ordinances, principles of common and civil law and equity, orders, decrees, rules, regulations and municipal by-laws, whether domestic, foreign or international; (B) judicial, arbitral, administrative, ministerial, departmental and regulatory judgments, orders, writs, injunctions, decisions, rulings, decrees and awards of any: (1) multinational or supranational body or organization, nation, government, state, province, country, territory, municipality, quasi-government, administrative, judicial or regulatory authority, agency, board, body, bureau, commission, instrumentality, court or tribunal or any political subdivision thereof, or any central bank (or similar monetary or regulatory authority) thereof, any taxing authority, any ministry or department or agency of any of the foregoing; (2) self-regulatory organization or stock exchange; (3) entity exercising executive, legislative, judicial, regulatory or administrative functions of or pertaining to government; and (4) corporation or other entity owned or controlled, through stock or capital ownership or otherwise, by any of such entities or other bodies pursuant to the foregoing (“Governmental Authority”); and (C) policies, practices and guidelines of, or contracts with, any Governmental Authority, which, although not actually having the force of law, are considered by such Governmental Authority as requiring compliance as if having the force of law, as the same may be amended from time to time and any successor thereto and in each case binding on or affecting the person or entity, or the assets of the person or entity, referred to in the context in which such word is used; (collectively, “Applicable Laws”). 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(iii) By entering or using this Site or the Services you represent that you: (A) have the right, authority and capacity to enter into this Agreement on behalf of yourself and the person or entity that you represent (if applicable); (B) are not prohibited from entering or using this Site or the Services or transacting with the Protocol under any Applicable Laws; (C) understand the risks associated with using our Site and the Services, including using the Protocol; (D) understand that you will be dealing with third parties and we have not verified and will not be in a position to verify any transaction you make using the Protocol; (E) are not a Restricted Person or acting on behalf or under the authority, instruction or employment of a Restricted Person; (F) do not intend to transact with any Restricted Person; or (G) do not, and will not, use a VPN or any other privacy or anonymization tools or techniques to circumvent, or attempt to circumvent, any restrictions that apply to the Services. (b) User Responsibilities; Wallet (i) In order to use certain features of the Site and Services, you may be required to connect to your digital asset wallet or address (“Wallet”) to the Platform. You acknowledge that we are not responsible for transferring, safeguarding, or maintaining your private keys or any assets associated with your Wallet. If you lose, mishandle or have stolen your Wallet private keys, you acknowledge that you may not be able to recover associated assets and that we are not responsible for such loss. (ii) You acknowledge that you may disconnect your Wallet from the Platform at any time. (iii) You agree to notify us immediately if you suspect your linked Wallet has been compromised or otherwise suspect any security issues related to your use of the Services. (iv) You agree that you will not use the Services to transact with any Digital Asset that may be considered a security under Applicable Laws. (v) You acknowledge and agree that we may restrict, suspend or close your Wallet and access to the Platform for any reason or no reason, including if we reasonably believe that you have breached any of the terms of this Agreement. (vi) Digital Assets that you purchase or use in relation to the Services may be held in one or more Wallets of yours. We do not operate, maintain, control or have custody over any contents of your Wallet. We accept no responsibility for, or liability to, you in connection with your Wallet and make no representations or warranties regarding how the Platform or the Services will operate with any specific Wallet. Any issues relating to your Wallet should be addressed to your Wallet provider. (vii) You must provide all equipment, connectivity, and software necessary to connect to the Service. You are solely responsible for any costs and expenses, including Internet connection or mobile fees, which you incur when accessing the Services. (viii) You acknowledge that we are not responsible for, and you agree to indemnify us for, any loss or damage arising from your failure to comply with the requirements hereunder. (c) Access and Use of the Site and Services (i) Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement, you are hereby granted a non-exclusive, limited, non-transferable, non-sublicensable and freely revocable right to use the Site and the Services. We reserve all rights not expressly granted herein in the Site, the Services and the Company Content (as defined below). We may terminate this right of use, in whole or in part, at any time for any reason or no reason. (ii) You agree that rights granted to you in this Agreement are subject to, and you covenant to abide with, the following restrictions: (A) you shall not license, sell, rent, lease, transfer, assign, distribute, host, or otherwise commercially exploit the Site or the Services, whether in whole or in part, or any content displayed on the Site or the Services; (B) you shall not modify, make derivative works of, disassemble, reverse compile or reverse engineer any part of the Site or the Services; (C) you shall not access the Site or the Services in order to build a similar or competitive websites, product, or service; (D) except as expressly stated herein, no part of the Site or the Services may be copied, reproduced, distributed, republished, downloaded, displayed, posted or transmitted in any form or by any means; (E) in connection with using the Services, you only will transfer legally-obtained Digital Assets that belong to you; and (F) you shall not use the Site or the Services other than as permitted hereunder. (iii) Unless otherwise indicated, any future release, update, or other addition to the functionality of the Site and Services shall be subject to this Agreement. All copyright and other proprietary notices on the Site (or on any content displayed on the Site) must be retained on all copies thereof. (iv) You acknowledge and agree that: (A) we have no obligation to provide you with any support or maintenance in connection with the Site and the Services; (B) the pricing information and other data provided on the Site or the Platform does not represent (1) an offer, a solicitation of an offer, or recommendation to enter into, a transaction with us or (2) any advice regarding a transaction entered into using the Site, the Platform and the Services; (C) we do not act as an agent for you or any other user of the Site, the Platform or the Services; (D) you are solely responsible for your use of the Services, including all of your transfers of Digital Assets; (E) to the fullest extent not prohibited by Applicable Law, we owe no fiduciary duties or liabilities to you or any other party, and that to the extent any such duties or liabilities may exist at law or in equity, you hereby irrevocably disclaim, waive, and eliminate those duties and liabilities; (F) you are solely responsible for reporting and paying any taxes applicable to your use of the Services; and (G) we have no control over, or liability for, the delivery, quality, safety, legality, or any other aspect of any Digital Assets that you may transfer to or from a third party, and we are not responsible for ensuring that an entity with whom you transact completes the transaction or is authorized to do so, and if you experience a problem with any transactions in Digital Assets using the Services, then you bear the entire risk. (v) You acknowledge and agree that the Services are non-custodial. When you deposit Digital Assets into any smart contract, you retain control over those Digital Assets at all times. The private key associated with the Wallet from which you transfer Digital Assets is the only private key that can control the Digital Assets you transfer into the smart contracts. In some cases, you may withdraw Digital Assets from any smart contract only to the Wallet from which you deposited the Digital Assets. (d) Acceptable Use (i) You agree not to engage in any of the following prohibited activities: (A) copying, distributing, or disclosing any part of the Site or the Services in any medium, including without limitation by any automated or non-automated “scraping”; (B) using any automated system, including without limitation “robots”, “spiders” and “offline readers” to access the Site or the Services in a manner that sends more request messages to our servers than a human can reasonably produce in the same period of time by using a conventional on-line web browser (except that we grant the operators of public search engines revocable permission to use spiders to copy publicly available materials from the Site for the sole purpose of and solely to the extent necessary for creating publicly available searchable indices of the materials, but not caches or archives of such materials); (C) transmitting spam, chain letters, or other unsolicited email or messages through the Site or the Services; (D) attempting to interfere with, compromise the system integrity or security of or decipher any transmissions to or from the servers running the Site or the Services; (E) taking any action that imposes, or may impose at our sole discretion an unreasonable or disproportionately large load on our infrastructure; (F) uploading invalid data, viruses, worms, or other software agents through the Site or the Services; (G) collecting or harvesting any personally identifiable information, including account names, from the Site or the Services; (H) using the Site or the Services for any commercial solicitation purposes; (I) impersonating another person or otherwise misrepresenting your affiliation with a person or entity, conducting fraud, hiding or attempting to hide your identity; (J) interfering with the proper working of the Site or the Services; (K) accessing any content on the Site or the Services through any technology or means other than those provided or authorized by the Site or the Services; (L) bypassing the measures we may use to prevent or restrict access to the Site or the Services, including without limitation features that prevent or restrict use or copying of any content or enforce limitations on use of the Site or the content therein; (M) using the Site or the Services for any purpose prohibited or regulated by Applicable Laws; (N) using the Site or the Services to collect, upload, transmit, display, or distribute any content: (1) that violates any third-party right, including any copyright, trademark, patent, trade secret, moral right, privacy right, right of publicity, or any other intellectual property or proprietary right; (2) that is unlawful, harassing, abusive, tortious, threatening, harmful, invasive of another’s privacy, vulgar, defamatory, false, intentionally misleading, trade libelous, pornographic, obscene, patently offensive, promotes racism, bigotry, hatred, or physical harm of any kind against any group or individual or is otherwise objectionable; or (3) that is harmful to minors in any way; (O) engage in improper or abusive trading practices, including (1) any fraudulent act or scheme to defraud, deceive, trick or mislead; (2) trading ahead of another user of the Services or front-running; (3) fraudulent trading; (4) accommodation trading; (5) fictitious transactions; (6) pre-arranged or non-competitive transactions; (7) violations of bids or offers; (8) spoofing; (9) manipulation; (10) knowingly making any bid or offer for the purpose of making a market price that does not reflect the true state of the market; or (11) entering orders for the purpose of entering into transactions without a net change in either party’s open positions but a resulting profit to one party and a loss to the other party, commonly known as a “money pass”; (P) use or access the Site or the Services to transmit or exchange Digital Assets that are the direct or indirect proceeds of any criminal or fraudulent activity, including terrorism or tax evasion; or (Q) using the Site or the Platform for any purposes other than using our Services. 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We shall have no liability for your interactions with other users, or for any user’s action or inaction. (e) Restrictions on Use (i) We make no representations that the Site or the Services are appropriate or available for use in any location. Those who access or use the Site or the Services do so at their own volition and are entirely responsible for compliance with all Applicable Laws, including but not limited to export and import regulations. (ii) You may not use the Site or the Services if you are a person or entity resident in, a citizen of, located in, incorporated, formed or organized in or have a registered office in: \[JI1] (A) a country embargoed by the government of Canada, the United States, the United Kingdom or the European Union or are a foreign person or entity blocked or denied by the Canadian, United States, the United Kingdom or any European Union government or (B) a country which has been sanctioned by the United Nations, North Atlantic Treaty Organisation, Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, Financial Action Task Force, or any other relevant governmental or non-governmental entity or agency, (any such person or entity being a “Restricted Person”). **3. 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You further acknowledge that, by acceptance of your submission, we do not waive any rights to use similar or related comments, feedback and ideas previously known to us, or developed by our employees, or obtained from sources other than you. **4. Fees and Price Estimates** In connection with your use of the Services you are required to pay all fees necessary for interacting with the applicable blockchain, including “gas” costs, as well as all other fees reflected on the Site or the Platform at the time of your use of the Services. Although we attempt to provide accurate fee information, this information reflects an estimate of fees, which may vary from the actual fees paid to use the Services and interact with the applicable blockchain. **5. No Professional Advice** All information on the Site and the Services is for informational purposes only and should not be construed as professional advice. You should contact your own legal, financial, tax or other professional advisors. Neither the Site, the Services nor we provide any legal, financial, taxation or any other professional advice. No action should be taken based upon any information contained in the Site or the Services. You should seek independent professional advice from a person who is licensed and/or qualified in the applicable area. **6. Privacy** We care about the privacy of our users. You understand that by using the Site you consent to the collection, use and disclosure of personally identifiable information and aggregate data, and to have your personally identifiable information collected, used, transferred to and processed in accordance with our Privacy Policy, a copy of which can be found here: \[Note: Insert link to privacy policy]. Our Privacy Policy is hereby incorporated into and forms part of this Agreement. **7. Cautionary Note on Forward-looking Statements.** All statements contained in the Company Content, the Services, the Site, statements made in press releases or in any place accessible by the public and oral statements that may be made Company Parties (as defined below) may constitute forward-looking statements (including statements regarding the intent, belief or current expectations with respect to market conditions, business strategy and plans, financial condition, specific provisions and risk management practices). You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements given that these statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause the actual future results to be materially different from that described by such forward-looking statements, and no independent third party has reviewed the reasonableness of any such statements or assumptions. These forward-looking statements are applicable only as of the date indicated therein and the Company Parties disclaim any responsibility (whether express or implied) to release any revisions to these forward-looking statements to reflect events after such date. **8. Security** (a) We are an early stage platform. You acknowledge that applications are code that are subject to flaws and acknowledge that you are solely responsible for evaluating any available code provided by the Services. You further expressly acknowledge and represent that applications can be written maliciously or negligently, and that we cannot be held liable for your interaction with such applications. These warnings and others later provided by us in no way evidence or represent an ongoing duty to alert you to all the potential risks of utilizing the Site and Services. 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You expressly relieve us from any and all liability arising from your use of any third-party website, service, or content. Additionally, your dealings with or participation in promotions of advertisers found on the Site or the Services, including payment and delivery of goods, and any other terms (such as warranties) are solely between you and such advertisers. You agree that we shall not be responsible for any loss or damage of any sort relating to your dealings with such advertisers. **10. Indemnity** You agree to defend, indemnify and hold harmless us and our suppliers, partners, licensors, dealers, representatives, associates or affiliates, and each of their respective employees, contractors, agents, representatives, shareholders, officers and directors (collectively, the “Company Parties”), from and against any and all claims, damages, obligations, losses, liabilities, costs or debt, and expenses (including but not limited to lawyer’s fees and disbursements) arising from: (a) your use of and access to the Site, the Platform, Company Content and the Services, including any act or omission by you or users of your account or any data or content transmitted or received by you; (b) your violation of any term of this Agreement, including without limitation your breach of any of the representations and warranties above; (c) your violation of any third-party right, including without limitation any right of privacy or intellectual property rights; (d) your violation of any Applicable Laws; (e) any User Content that you submit to the Site or the Services including without limitation misleading, false, or inaccurate information; (f) your willful misconduct; or (g) any other party’s access and use of the Site, the Platform, Company Content or the Services with your unique username, password or other appropriate security code. You will co-operate as fully as reasonably required in the defense of any claim. **11. No Warranty** (a) The Site and the Services are provided on an “as is” and “as available” basis. Use of the Site, the Platform, Company Content and the Services is at your own risk. To the maximum extent permitted by applicable law, the Site, the Platform, Company Content and the Services are provided without warranties of any kind, whether express or implied, including, but not limited to, implied warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, or non-infringement. No advice or information, whether oral or written, obtained by you from a Company Party or through the Site or the Services will create any warranty not expressly stated herein. Without limiting the foregoing, the Company Parties do not warrant that the Company Content is accurate, reliable or correct; that the Site, the Platform, Company Content and the Services will meet your requirements; that the Site, the Platform, Company Content and the Services will be available at any particular time or location, uninterrupted or secure; that any defects or errors will be corrected; or that the Site, the Platform, Company Content and the Services are free of viruses or other harmful components. Any content downloaded or otherwise obtained through the use of the Site or the Services is downloaded at your own risk and you will be solely responsible for any damage to your computer system or mobile device or loss of data that results from such download or your use of the Site, the Platform, Company Content or the Services. (b) You acknowledge and agree that: (i) we are a developer of software; (ii) we do not operate a Digital Asset or derivatives exchange platform or offer trade execution or clearing services and have no oversight, involvement, or control concerning your transactions using the Services; and (iii) all transactions between users are executed peer-to-peer directly between the users’ digital wallet addresses through a smart contract. (c) You understand and agree that we are not registered or licensed by any regulatory agency or authority. No such agency or authority has reviewed or approved the use of the Site, the Platform or the Services. (d) We do not warrant, endorse, guarantee, or assume responsibility for any product or websites advertised or offered by a third party through the Site or the Services or any hyperlinked websites, and we will not be a party to or in any way monitor any transaction between you and third-party providers of products or services. **12. Disclaimers** None of the Company Parties will have any responsibilities or liability with respect to the following: (a) the Services could be impacted by one or more regulatory inquiries or actions, which could prevent or limit our ability to continue to develop or provide the Services, or for you and your users to use the Services, (b) we have no obligation to update the Services or its underlying platforms and networks to address, mitigate, or remediate any security or other vulnerabilities in the Services, or such platforms or networks and (c) portions of the Services or any other underlying networks and platforms may rest on open-source software, and there is a risk that weaknesses or bugs that may be introduced in the infrastructural elements of the Services or any other underlying networks and platforms, which may result in security vulnerabilities, data loss, damage, destructions, disclosure, or other compromises. **13. Assumption of Risk** You acknowledge that the Site and the Services, and your use of the Site and the Services contain certain risks, including without limitation the risks below, and accordingly, you expressly agree that you assume all risk in connection with your access and use of the Site and Services: (a) by utilizing the Services or interacting with the Site or the Platform in any way, you understand and agree to the inherent risks associated with: (i) cryptographic systems and blockchain-based networks; (ii) Digital Assets, including without limitation the usage and intricacies of native Digital Assets; (iii) smart contract-based Digital Assets, including fungible and non-fungible tokens; and (iv) systems that interact with blockchain-based networks. We do not own or control any of the underlying software through which blockchain networks are formed. In general, the software underlying blockchain networks, including the Plume blockchain, is open source, such that anyone can use, copy, modify, and distribute it. By using the Services, you acknowledge and agree that (A) we are not responsible for the operation of the blockchain-based software and networks underlying the Services, (B) there exists no guarantee of the functionality, security, or availability of that software and networks, and (C) the underlying blockchain-based networks are subject to sudden changes in operating rules, such as those commonly referred to as “forks,” which may materially affect the Services; (b) blockchain networks use public and private key cryptography. You alone are responsible for securing your private key(s). We do not have access to your private key(s). Losing control of your private key(s) will permanently and irreversibly deny you access to Digital Assets on the Plume blockchain or other blockchain-based network. Neither we nor any other person or entity will be able to retrieve or protect your Digital Assets. If your private key(s) are lost, then you will not be able to transfer your Digital Assets to any other blockchain address or wallet. If this occurs, then you will not be able to realize any value or utility from the Digital Assets that you may hold; (c) the Services and your Digital Assets could be impacted by one or more regulatory inquiries or regulatory actions, which could impede or limit our ability to continue to make available our proprietary software and could impede or limit your ability to access or use the Services; (d) cryptography is a progressing field. Advances in code cracking or technical advances such as the development of quantum computers may present risks to cryptographic systems and the Services, which could result in the theft or loss of your assets. To the extent possible, we intend to update or propose updates to the code underlying the Services to account for any advances in cryptography and to incorporate additional security measures but does not guarantee or otherwise represent full security of the system. By using the Services, you acknowledge these inherent risks; (e) the Plume blockchain and any other applicable blockchain remains under development, which creates technological and security risks when using the Services in addition to uncertainty relating to Digital Assets and transactions therein. You acknowledge that the cost of transacting on an applicable blockchain is variable and may increase at any time causing impact to any activities taking place on the such blockchain, which may result in price fluctuations or increased costs when using the Services; (f) the Services are subject to flaws and that you are solely responsible for evaluating any code provided by the Services, the Site or the Platform. This warning and other warnings that we provide in this Agreement are in no way evidence or represent an on-going duty to alert you to all of the potential risks of utilizing the Services or accessing the Site or the Platform. Despite security measures and audits, the Services face several technical risks that could cause fund loss, including: (i) smart contract vulnerabilities, (ii) cross-chain bridge failures, (iii) economic design flaws creating attack vectors, and (iv) cascading failures from interconnected DeFi protocols, (v) counterparty or market liqiquidity. You acknowledge these risks exist despite mitigation efforts, and partial or complete loss of your Digital Assets may occur through no fault of either party. (g) although we intend to provide accurate and timely information and data on the Site and the Platform during your use of the Services, the Site, the Platform and other information available when using the Services may not always be entirely accurate, complete, or current and may also include technical inaccuracies or typographical errors. To continue to provide you with as complete and accurate information as possible, information may be changed or updated from time to time without notice, including information regarding our policies. Accordingly, you should verify all information before relying on it, and all decisions based on information contained on the Site, the Platform or as part of the Services are your sole responsibility. No representation is made as to the accuracy, completeness, or appropriateness for any particular purpose of any pricing information distributed via the Site or the Platform or otherwise when using the Services. Prices and pricing information may be higher or lower than prices available on platforms providing similar services; (h) any use or interaction with the Services requires a comprehensive understanding of applied cryptography and computer science to appreciate the inherent risks, including those listed above. You represent and warrant that you possess relevant knowledge and skills. Any reference to a type of Digital Asset on the Site, the Platform or otherwise during the use of the Services does not indicate our approval or disapproval of the technology on which the Digital Asset relies, and should not be used as a substitute for your understanding of the risks specific to each type of Digital Asset; (i) use of the Services, in particular for trading Digital Assets, may carry financial risk. Digital Assets are, by their nature, highly experimental, risky, and volatile. Transactions entered into in connection with the Services are irreversible, final and there are no refunds. You acknowledge and agree that you will access and use the Site, the Platform and the Services at your own risk. The risk of loss in trading or transferring Digital Assets can be substantial. You should, therefore, carefully consider whether such trading or transfer is suitable for you in light of your circumstances and financial resources. By using the Services, you represent and warrant that you have been, are, and will be solely responsible for making your independent appraisal and investigations into the risks of a given transaction and the underlying Digital Assets. You represent that you have sufficient knowledge, market sophistication, professional advice, and experience to make your evaluation of the merits and risks of any transaction conducted in connection with the Services or any Digital Asset. You accept all consequences of using the Services, including the risk that you may lose access to your Digital Assets indefinitely. All transaction decisions are made solely by you. Notwithstanding anything in these Terms, we accept no responsibility whatsoever for, and will in no circumstances be liable to you in connection with, your use of the Services for performing Digital Asset transactions; (j) we must comply with Applicable Laws, which may require us to, upon request by government agencies, take certain actions or provide information, which may not be in your best interests; (k) you are responsible for all trades you place, including any erroneous orders that may be filled. We do not take any action to resolve erroneous trades that result from your errors; (l) Any Services you interact with are entirely your own responsibility and liability, and we are not a party to the Protocol; (m) At any time, your access to your Digital Assets may be suspended or terminated or there may be a delay in your access or use of your Digital Assets which may result in the Digital Assets diminishing in value; (n) the Services may be suspended or terminated for any or no reason, which may limit your access to your Digital Assets; and (o) Protocol governance decisions, parameter changes, or upgrades may materially alter the Services' functionality, value proposition, or economic security. These changes could be implemented with or without notice and may adversely impact your position, collateral, or assets. You acknowledge that protocol parameters (including interest rates, liquidation thresholds, and collateral factors) may change through governance processes, potentially affecting your existing positions. (p) we will have no responsibility or liability for the risks set forth in this Section 13. You hereby irrevocably waive, release and discharge all claims, whether known or unknown to you, against the Company Parties related to any of the risks set forth in this Section 13. **14. Limitation of Liability** (i) You agree that to the maximum extent permitted by Applicable Laws, in no event shall any Company Party be liable for any indirect, punitive, incidental, special, consequential or exemplary damages, including without limitation damages for loss of profits, goodwill, use, data or other intangible losses, arising out of or relating to the use of, or inability to use, the Site, the Platform, Company Content or the Services. Under no circumstances will any Company Party be responsible for any damage, loss or injury resulting from hacking, tampering or other unauthorized access or use of the Site, the Platform, the Services or the Company Content and other information contained therein. To the maximum extent permitted by Applicable Laws, we assume no liability or responsibility for any (a) errors, mistakes, or inaccuracies of content; (b) personal injury or property damage, of any nature whatsoever, resulting from your access to or use of our Site, the Platform, Company Content or the Services; (c) any unauthorized access to or use of our secure servers and/or any and all personal information stored therein; (d) any interruption or cessation of transmission to or from the Site, the Platform or the Services; (e) any bugs, viruses, trojan horses, or the like that may be transmitted to or through our Site, the Platform, Company Content or the Services by any third party; (f) any errors or omissions in any content or for any loss or damage incurred as a result of the use of any content posted, emailed, transmitted, or otherwise made available through the Site, the Platform or the Services; and/or (g) User Content or the defamatory, offensive, or illegal conduct of any third party. You agree that if, notwithstanding the other provisions of this Agreement, a Company Party is found to be liable for any claims, proceedings, liabilities, obligations, damages, losses or costs, such Company Party’s liability shall in no event exceed the amount you paid to us hereunder during the 6-month period prior to the date on which such claim arose, if any. (ii) This limitation of liability section applies whether the alleged liability is based on contract, tort, negligence, strict liability, or any other basis, even if we have been advised of the possibility of such damage. The foregoing limitation of liability shall apply to the fullest extent permitted by Applicable Laws. **15. Limitations as Allowed by Law** Some states, provinces and other jurisdictions do not allow the exclusion and limitations of certain implied warranties, or the exclusion or limitation of incidental or consequential damages, so the above limitations or exclusions may not apply to you. This Agreement gives you specific legal rights, and you may also have other rights which vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. The disclaimers, exclusions, and limitations of liability under this agreement will not apply to the extent prohibited by Applicable Laws. **16. Force Majeure** We will have no responsibility or liability for any failure or delay in performance of the Site, the Platform or any of the Services, or any loss or damage that you may incur, due to any circumstance or event beyond our control, including any (a) flood, extraordinary weather conditions, earthquake, or other act of God, (b) fire, (c) war, (d) insurrection, (e) riot, (f) labour dispute, (g) accident, (h) epidemic or pandemic, (i) action of government, (j) new laws or regulations or change in existing laws or regulations or the interpretation or enforcement of any of the foregoing, (k) communications, (l) power failure, (m) equipment or software unavailability, disruption or malfunction, (n) hacking or other attack on the Site, the Platform or the Services, (o) the unavailability, disruption or malfunction of any network or blockchains or (p) the unavailability, disruption or malfunction of the Internet. **17. Non-Waiver** Our failure or delay in insisting upon or enforcing strict performance of any provision of this Agreement shall not be construed as a waiver of any provision or rights. No waiver of any provision of this Agreement shall constitute a waiver of any other provision, nor shall any waiver of any provision of this Agreement constitute a continuing waiver unless expressly made in writing by us. **18. Severability** In the event that any of the provisions of this Agreement are held by a court or other tribunal of competent jurisdiction to be unenforceable, such provisions shall be limited or eliminated to the minimum extent necessary so that these terms and conditions shall otherwise remain in full force and effect. **19. Governing Law and Jurisdiction** This Agreement is entered into in the British Virgin Islands and shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the laws of the British Virgin Islands. You agree to submit to the exclusive jurisdiction of the courts of the British Virgin Islands or any other judicial district or jurisdiction as we may determine in any and all actions, disputes or controversies relating hereto. You further agree as follows: (a) any claim brought to enforce these terms and conditions must be commenced within 6 months of the cause of action accruing; (b) no recovery may be sought or received for damages other than out-of-pocket expenses, except that the prevailing party will be entitled to costs and legal fees; and (c) any claim must be brought individually and not consolidated as part of a group or class action complaint. **20. Amendments** We reserve the right, in our sole discretion, to modify the terms of this Agreement from time to time. If we make changes, we will provide you with notice of such changes, such as by providing notice through the Site, the Services or updating the “Last Updated” date at the top of this Agreement. Unless we state otherwise in our notice, all such modifications are effective immediately, and your continued use of the Site and the Services after we provide that notice will confirm your acceptance of the changes. If you do not agree to the amended terms of this Agreement, then your only recourse is to terminate this Agreement by providing written notice to us and must stop using the Site and the Services. **21. Language** This Agreement, including all other documents incorporated by reference herein, are binding and constitute the entire agreement between us and you with respect to your use of the Site and the Services. The parties agree that the English language will be the language of the Agreement and all documents in connection thereto, and each party waives any right (whether statutory or otherwise) to use and rely upon any other language, or translations. # Restriced Geolocations Who can access the Solera Protocol and Interface Solera takes extensive measures to prevent persons from the following countries from using the Solera Markets contracts hosted at app.solera.market. These measures include geoblocking ranges of IP addresses from prohibted countries including: China, Cuba, Congo, Iran, Iraq, Libya, Myamnar, North Korea, Russia, Sudan, Syria, Zimbabwe, Central African Republic, Ethiopia, Venezuela, Yemen, Lebanon. Over time, this list may be expanded to include any country or geolocation. Solera also attempts to VPN block known VPNs from the above countries. When agreeing to the terms of service, users also attest that they are not in the above countries in order to interact with the frontend. Certain functions, products, assets, and strategies within the Solera Protcol or Interface may also be gated by KYC, KYB, AML, or Accreddited Investor status, and individual permisisons or checks may be implemented.